Hawaii: Christian Gutierrez given 45-days in jail for torturing albatross birds to death by breaking their bones, chopping off their feet, kicking them, stomping them, and beating them to death with a baseball bat.

HAWAII -- A man accused of killing federally protected Laysan albatross birds on Oahu has been sentenced.

On March 16, NYU college student Christian Gutierrez pleaded no contest to amended charges of third-degree theft, prohibited activities, prohibited activities in a natural area reserve, fourth-degree criminal property damage, and second-degree cruelty to animals.

Despite torturing and killing dozens of birds, Gutierrez and the other monsters were only charged with one count of 2nd-degree animal cruelty.

On Thursday, July 6, a judge sentenced the Punahou School graduate to 45 days in jail and a year of probation. He will also have to serve 200 hours of community service and pay restitution.

 

The vulnerable Kaena albatrosses apparently were easy targets for the killers, who allegedly bashed the birds with a baseball bat, slashed some their bodies and chopped off their wings and legs with a machete and shot others with a pellet gun.

“The nature and circumstances of the crimes that you pled to shock the conscience. The killing of these defenseless and protected birds was inexcusable,” said Circuit Court Judge Jeannette Castagnetti.

Gutierrez spoke before a packed courtroom, and apologized for his actions:

“I’ve been listening to what people have been saying about this case, and about my character, and about what’s happened since the beginning, and also here today in this courtroom. The people have every right to be angry and disgusted with my behavior, as I am disgusted with my own behavior. I wish I had the courage not to go along, but I did and I will forever have that memory.

“Ms. Young, Ms. Case, Ms. Zoll, and Mr. Aila, I am sorry for the impact that my actions have caused you and the community. Ms. (Lindsay Young, executive director, Pacific Rim Conservation Group), seven months ago in the hallway of this courtroom, you said to me you should be ashamed of yourself, and you’re right. I am ashamed of myself.”

If he were really remorseful he wouldn't have dragged this out for more than a year "fighting to get a deferred sentence" which would have wiped his record clean after the probation and blocked the police reports as if he had never tortured these poor animals to death. He's not sorry. If he were, he would have manned up, plead guilty at the onset and issued his apology then.

Gutierrez was taken into custody immediately following his sentencing. While being handcuffed, he uttered yet another apology: “I love you, Mom. I love you, Dad. I’m sorry.”

 

His attorney, Myles Breiner, says he’s disappointed with the outcome.

He had been fighting to get the charges deferred, meaning if Gutierrez stayed out of trouble, the charges would eventually be wiped from his record. But the judge denied that request.

“We thought that he deserved a deferral,” Breiner said. “We’re disappointed that the court gave him any jail at all. Hopefully when he gets out, he’ll be able to resume his studies in New York.”

His parents clearly have a lot of money. They live in Hawaii and yet they're able to send their kid all the way to NYC to go to school at NYU and have him fly home for breaks? None of that is affordable to 75% of Americans. 

New York University Undergraduate Student Cost Per Year
Data shown for 2014-2015 school year.
Tuition & Fees Out-of-State: $46,170
Room and Board: $16,782
Books & Supplies: $1,070
Other Expenses: $2,000
Total In-State: $66,022

Headline should be "Spoiled rich kid tortures and kills animals for his amusement knowing Mommy and Daddy will bail him out"

 

Gutierrez will have to report to a probation officer once he’s released from jail.

In December 2015, officials found at least 15 nests in Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve were destroyed with either smashed, dead, or missing eggs. At least 32 adults and eggs were killed, officials said, and there was evidence that several birds had their feet cut off.

Seabird monitoring cameras and sound equipment were also missing with a replacement value of $3,100, officials said.

KILLERS BRAGGED ABOUT THEIR CRIMES

According to civilbeat.org, all the details I have about the alleged albatross killers came indirectly from the suspects themselves who, at a party shortly after the Kaena incident, bragged to their peers about what they had done to the birds. Their boasting included showing the metal identification tags obtained by cutting off the albatrosses’ feet.

Some of their peers were stunned and told their parents. The word got out to Punahou School and others.

Oblivious to the reaction of their classmates, the suspects continued to show off the metal tags and even post pictures of the dead birds on their social media sites until eventually taking down the incriminating information.

What makes the alleged crime particularly horrific is nesting albatrosses are harmless, trusting creatures that are unafraid of human beings. By their nature, the birds stay close to their eggs and chicks no matter what’s happening around their nests.

A year later, Gutierrez turned himself in after a warrant was issued for his arrest.

 

 

“If you approach an animal that is not going to try to escape because it is guarding its eggs, and you not only smash its egg, but rip it apart while alive and then save an ID band as a souvenir, one you had to get by dismembering a limb, for entertainment, and you do it more than a dozen times, you have no conscience,” Executive Director of Pacific Rim Conservation Lindsay Young said. 

He initially pleaded not guilty to multiple counts, including theft, entering a prohibited area, prohibited activities in a nature reserve, fourth-degree criminal property damage, and 14 counts of animal cruelty, before reaching a deal with prosecutors.

The state Department of Land and Natural Resources says the sentencing sends a strong message that crimes like this aren’t taken lightly.

“Everyone wants to be clear that we cannot tolerate this type of behavior. It’s brutal. It’s heinous, and we need to protect our wildlife,” said DLNR chair Suzanne Case. “It’s hard to put a dollar figure on that. We obviously spent hundreds of thousands of dollars creating this protected area and protected from invasive predators, and unfortunately, not protected from man.”

DLNR estimates the long-term effects of the killings resulted in about 320 albatross lost.

Breiner previously told us Gutierrez was not the ring leader, and other individuals — who were juveniles — were involved.

We asked Breiner what’s next for the other boys involved in the case, but he says he can’t comment because those cases are in juvenile court.

THE ALBATROSS IN FOLKLORE

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" tells us that the albatross is a powerful symbol of good luck — and that it can bring terrible misfortune or “bachi” to kill one.

In the poem, a sailor brings to an abrupt end the good sailing conditions his ship has been experiencing when for no reason he fires an arrow from his crossbow to kill a friendly albatross that had taken to following behind the ship.

After the bird’s death, the ship is cursed with life-threatening storms. The furious crew members punish the albatross killer by tying the dead albatross on a rope dangling from his neck.

In the poem, the sailor says: “Ah! well a-day that evil looks Had I from old and young! Instead of the cross, the Albatross About my neck was hung.” -- Civilbeat.org

VIDEO NEWS CLIP:

(KHON - July 6, 2017)

Earlier:

• Hawaii: Investigation focuses on teenaged boys after Albatross nests destroyed and several birds and their babies were beaten, stabbed and tortured to death
• Hawaii: NYU student Christian Gutierrez, 19, accused of torturing albatross birds to death by beating them with a baseball bat, stabbing them with a machete, destroying their nests and cutting off their legs. Posted photos online and bragged of his crime, say authorities
• Hawaii: Christian Gutierrez pleads no contest to animal cruelty and theft after torture deaths of albatross birds

Hawaii: Christian Gutierrez pleads no contest to animal cruelty and theft after torture deaths of albatross birds

HAWAII -- An NYU student has further endangered a number of already in danger albatrosses.

In court on Thursday, Tisch sophomore Christian Gutierrez pleaded no contest to five charges — including animal cruelty and theft — after a dozen albatrosses were BEATEN, TORTURED AND SLAUGHTERED in a Hawaii nature reserve.

 

The vulnerable Kaena albatrosses apparently were easy targets for the killers, who allegedly bashed the birds with a baseball bat, slashed some their bodies with a machete and shot others with a pellet gun.


Bloody feathers lay in piles where the missing birds had been nesting, indicating they met gruesome and cruel deaths. The ruined nests and dead adults were located in widely scattered locations over several acres in the reserve, indicating the perpetrators spent some time killing birds and dismembering their bodies.

Investigations at the Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve by the state’s Department of Land and Natural Resources began in December 2015, when Executive Director of Pacific Rim Conservation Lindsay Young said that the group received an email from a friend with pictures of the dead birds in positions that were not a result of natural mortality.

“It was clearly intentionally caused by humans and not caused by predators or other natural events,” Young said. “The photographs released of the severed feet show clean cut marks indicating some kind of knife was used to cut them off.”

According to a nest inventory of the reserve, trespassers had significantly damaged the species and habitat of the Laysan albatross — a federally protected species.

The inventory reported that there were 12 missing adult albatrosses, a number of smashed, missing or dead eggs and 15 destroyed nests out of the 45 documented nests at Kaena Point.

 

Gutierrez is one of three classmates from a Honolulu prep school charged for this incident. His statement filed in court said that he was camping in Kaena Point with others when they entered a prohibited area, and the trio participated in illegal activities that resulted in the death of numerous albatross birds and eggs and the destruction of equipment owned by the Pacific Rim Conservation Organization.

Gutierrez originally pleaded not guilty in December after being charged with 19 criminal counts but accepted a plea deal on Thursday, which — in exchange for the prosecution dismissing his 14 remaining counts — will require him to testify against others who may be involved.

Gutierrez’s attorney said that pleading no contest protects his client from the threat of collateral civil action — simply put, the defendant must show liability to avoid being involved in a civil settlement.

Spokesman for the Honolulu prosecuting attorney’s office Chuck Parker told Washington Square News that this result affirms the defendant’s help in gathering evidence.

“Essentially the plea deal was agreed to to get Gutierrez’s cooperation for a testimony against others who may be involved in the case,” Parker said. “We agreed to him pleading no contest to fewer charges than he was originally charged with, but he has to cooperate with us and provide evidence against others who may be involved.”

During his hearing on Thursday, Gutierrez requested a deferral of his no contest plea from the court. Gutierrez’s defense attorney Myles Breiner said that if the court accepts the deferral in June when he is sentenced, Gutierrez will be free to seek an expungement of his record.

If deferral is awarded by the court, Breiner said that Gutierrez must adhere to numerous conditions outlined by the court in what he called a potentially arduous process similar to probation, but Breiner said there is no guarantee that the court will accept his request.

“For certain offenses you have a one-time opportunity to have it erased from your record, provided you do whatever needs to be done in terms of probation,” Breiner said. “It is a type of sentencing and if the court grants the motion for deferral, effectively Mr. Gutierrez has no conviction.”

Breiner said that Gutierrez is a candidate for deferral of no contest, because he is a first-time offender with a clean record.

Parker said that because the other two involved in this case are juveniles, they will be tried in family court and their information cannot be released.
According to Breiner, the prosecution recognized that Gutierrez was not the ringleader of this incident. Yet, because he was the only offender to be tried as an adult, he has received the majority of the social media backlash.

“He has become the poster boy for this type of crime, which is considered by many people to be a heinous crime,” Breiner said. “[The public is] willing to place Mr. Gutierrez front and center as the image of violence toward protected species, and that is very troubling to me.”

Breiner said that Gutierrez attached a written statement to the plea agreement accepting responsibility and apologizing for the death and destruction of the habitat. Breiner also said that Gutierrez has promised to repay and provide restitution to the Pacific Rim Conservation Group proportionate to the stolen and damaged equipment and the fines — he also said that Gutierrez is in the process of making a public safety announcement video supporting the efforts of this organization.

As far as disciplinary action, NYU spokesperson John Beckman said that the university is prohibited by federal law from discussing what action may be taken in reference to a certain student.

“I will say that the incident as described is shocking, disgraceful and senseless,” Beckman said.

Young said that although repairing the equipment damage has been relatively straightforward for Pacific Rim Conservation, she also said that assessing the damage done to 14 years of research and data has been complicated. And Young said that from a scientific standpoint, the damage done to this site has ruined one of the best long-term datasets on albatrosses anywhere in the world. As a result, she believes that the plea deal does not come close to approximating justice.

“If you approach an animal that is not going to try to escape because it is guarding its eggs, and you not only smash its egg, but rip it apart while alive and then save an ID band as a souvenir, one you had to get by dismembering a limb, for entertainment, and you do it more than a dozen times, you have no conscience,” Young said. 

“Being charged with misdemeanor theft and only one count of animal cruelty — when dozens were killed and tortured — is just appalling.”

(NYU News - March 20, 2017)

Earlier:

• Hawaii: Investigation focuses on teenaged boys after Albatross nests destroyed and several birds and their babies were beaten, stabbed and tortured to death
• Hawaii: NYU student Christian Gutierrez, 19, accused of torturing albatross birds to death by beating them with a baseball bat, stabbing them with a machete, destroying their nests and cutting off their legs. Posted photos online and bragged of his crime, say authorities

California: Valentine Herrera, 76, who was attacked by pit bulls when he was walking his Pomeranian, which was killed, has died as well

CALIFORNIA -- A 76-year-old victim of a vicious pit pull attack earlier this month has died, according to family members.

Valentine Herrera was critically injured after he and his Pomeranian were mauled by two neighborhood pit bulls during a walk in Lincoln Heights. The man's dog, "Dodger," was killed.

The incident happened shortly before 6 p.m. in the 2600 block of Lincoln Park Avenue on Feb. 2.

Valentine Herrera's family said Herrera was in grave condition until earlier this week but passed away Monday afternoon.

His children said it seemed the loving husband held on until his wife of 50 years was in the room.

"He was waiting for my mom to go in and say her goodbyes and then he left," shared daughter Irma Flores Herrera.

The father of three and grandfather of seven would often help his wife around the house, even when he used to work 12 hours a day, six days a week.

Valentine Herrera had also just recovered from a heart attack months earlier.

His widow, Anita Herrera, who is trying to cope with his death, said she doesn't understand why he was attacked.

"The way we lost him...I think we would have been happy if we lost him on natural causes, then to lose him the way we lost him...that's what hurts the most," said Luis Herrera, the victim's son.

The family plans to file a civil lawsuit but for now, they're focusing on giving the beloved father a proper burial.

"Because my parents were not really prepared for this, so now we have to try to raise money so that we could do this for my dad," Luis Herrera said.

A GoFundMe account was set up to help raise funds for the family.


GoFundMe link: "Proceeds To Help The Herrera Family"

Hello everyone, As you may have heard from the news, my grandfather Valentine Herrera was recently attacked and seriously injured by two aggressive pit bulls.

As the weeks have gone by, my grandfather has shown no signs of progress, so now after about 3 weeks of being in the hospital the doctors have told us that his brain is no longer functioning. The family and I have decided to let him go and rest, because we know he has been through so much.

 

This gofundme account was made to seek out financial help for funeral expenses and medical bills that will be piling up. Just like my grandfather, we have a lot of pride and it bugs us to even have to ask for help, but due to other financial responsibilities, we do not have the income to support a funeral that my grandfather deserves.

Valentine Herrera was and will always be a strong man with the best work ethic one may ever have seen. He spent most of his life waking up at 1:00 am to go to work at 2:00 am and get off at 10:00 am, all so that my family and I can have the life that we have in America.

My family has gone from living in Mexico to being citizens in America, all because of him and his drive to want what is best for his family. He worked as a young man to pay for my father, grandma and aunt to come from Mexico to the States and I am forever grateful for his sacrifices, because without him I wouldn't be where i am today and neither would my family.

So we ask that you help us with whatever you can and please keep him in your thoughts. He is one the greatest men I will ever have the privilege of getting to know and I am proud to call him my grandpa. Thank you.

(ABC7 - March 1, 2017)

Earlier:

• California: Dog owner, 76, is brutally mauled trying to save his Pomeranian named Dodger from two pit bulls that RIPPED the tiny pooch apart

Connecticut: School on the defensive after throwing live lobster onto ice at hockey game

CONNECTICUT: A woman attending a boy's hockey game over the weekend was horrified to learn about a longstanding tradition involving a lobster.

Jill Craft was in the crowd with parents and fans from the Loomis Chaffee School just as the boys’ varsity hockey team was set to take on the Avon Old Farm School over the weekend.

The crowd chanted for the Zamboni driver to bring out "Larry the Lobster," a live lobster that's slid onto the ice for good luck.

"Tradition is about dignity, it's not about shame. And, they certainly need to stop this tradition today,” Craft said, adding that she didn’t expect to see that at the Savage Johnson Rink in Windsor.

"The gentleman who was driving the Zamboni ran out from the back area with a huge, live lobster and he threw it onto the ice. The lobster was sliding towards Loomis fans,” Craft said.

The tradition of "Larry the Lobster" dates back several years, and it was inspired by similar traditions at some professional and college hockey games.

At Loomis Chaffee, the lobster is slid onto the ice between the second and third period of the game for good luck.

 

"While it was sliding, it must have caught on something because it detached its right front claw. So, his right front claw went in a different direction than the poor lobster,” Craft said.

She says it appeared the lobster was trying to move, but it was too icy and it couldn't get any traction.

Craft snapped a photo of it to share with Channel 3. She said the Zamboni driver then got back onto the ice, picked up the lobster in one hand and the claw in the other and held "Larry" above his head and walked off.

"You have to think, what is the message you're sending your students? Having them chant and applaud torture to a live animal,” Craft said.

Some in Windsor said they are now wondering if the school can find another way to incorporate the lobster without actually using a live one.

"It's kind of an odd tradition, I mean, it's kind of cruel. I hate even throwing him into a hot water, to be honest,” said Alice Scott of Windsor.

"I think they should try something else, you know? I think it's a little bit off beat,” said John Dudack, of Windsor.

While others contend there's no problem with it, especially because the lobster is consumed after the game.

"I guess if it's their tradition, they're free to continue as they like,” said Cynthia Knotts, of Windsor.

In a statement, Loomis Chaffee officials said “the school, working with the coach and the athletics department, will review the matter and consider what kinds of traditions work best in our community."

I love a good lobster like most people - lots of butter! HOWEVER, this tradition needs to stop. Children should not be taught that live creatures exist to be tortured for our amusement. Yes, we eat meat (most of us) and wear leather and eat eggs, etc. However, children should be taught that we treat the animals we use for our consumption humanely. It's not just pets that get treated humanely. ALL creatures need to be treated humanely and with respect. 

(WFSB - Feb 28, 2017)

California: Dog owner, 76, is brutally mauled trying to save his Pomeranian named Dodger from two pit bulls that RIPPED the tiny pooch apart

CALIFORNIA -- A 76-year-old dog owner from Los Angeles has sustained critical injuries after he was attacked by two pit bulls which also killed the victim’s Pomeranian.

Valentin Herrera was walking his five-year-old Pomeranian named Dodger along Lincoln Park Avenue in the Lincoln Heights section of LA at around 5.20pm Thursday when authorities say a pair of male pit bulls lunged at the small pooch and tore it apart.

 

At the time of the attack, Dodger was walking off the leash about 75 feet ahead of its owner.

When Herrera rushed to his dog's aid, the pit bulls knocked the man to the ground and proceeded to bite him, leaving the victim with severe injuries.

Neighbor Frank Carrasco said he witnessed the ferocious attack on Dodger and its owner.

‘I saw these two pit bulls pulling something apart,’ he tells KTLA. ‘I thought it was a piece of couch.’

According to Herrera’s grandson, Christian Flores, the 76-year-old man, who suffers from diabetes and dementia, and who had survived a heart attack in November, sustained wounds to his arm and head, reported CBS LA.

He has since undergone brain surgery and was expected to recover.

Some witnesses have suggested that the pit bulls' owner was nearby but did not try to help Herrera. Eventually, he did come out of his house and was able to drag both animals away from the injured dog owner.

According to the witness Frank Carrasco, the owner of the pit bulls offered no apology to the victim and made no attempt to administer aid as the 76-year-old was sprawled on the ground, bleeding from his wounds.

Officers with the Los Angeles Animal Services Department were called to the scene and removed both pit bulls, described as males between ages of 2 and 3. The dogs will spend at least 10 days in quarantine pending a hearing to decide their fate.

Residents in the Lincoln Heights neighborhood said the two dogs have been known to menace students walking to and from a nearby high school.

Their owner has been interviewed by officials but has not been charged with any crime in connection to the mauling.

(Daily Mail - Feb 2, 2017)

Florida: Sheriff's Office investigating disgusting case of animal cruelty

FLORIDA -- A cattle owner stumbling upon a disgusting case of animal cruelty on one of his own.

This animal cruelty case brought sheriff’s investigators to this remote area in Loxahatchee in the 6000 block of Dennis Street. This is way, way out here, in an area where there are few roads.

Nothing but canals and pastures.

Sheriff’s officials say a rancher was trying to feed his cattle when he made the shocking discovery: a severed leg belonging to one of his 1500 pound bulls just west of his pasture.

Investigators say the culprit or culprits left behind a saw, a wooden pallet and raincoats.

This incident was reported January 1.

Since the bull is such a heavy massive animal, it would seem that this had to be the work of at least a couple of people, perhaps more than that.

The sheriff’s office calls it a “heinous act.”

Last month three decapitated animals were discovered also in western communities in Palm Beach County.

A horse’s head with a bullet to the skull, found in the Acreage.

The same week, a decapitated goat and rooster were found in Loxahatchee Groves. Animal Care and Control said those two decapitations appear to be a ritualistic killing.

The sheriff’s office has not said if the cases are connected.

(CBS12 - Jan 5, 2017)

Virginia: Brandon Gillie wanted for torturing, mutilating, killing puppies

VIRGINIA -- It was last spring when Petersburg Police were called to Trailer 32 at the Shady Grove mobile home park on North Steadman Road.

They found a gruesome scene where three puppies had been mutilated, tortured and killed.

  

 

They are now reaching out to the public in an attempt to put the man they say is responsible, Brandon Gillie, 26, behind bars.

"[Gillie and his girlfriend] had just gotten the puppies a few weeks prior," said Detective Thomas Ewers with the Petersburg Police Department.

“He forced them to swallow several items, including firecrackers and poison,” Detective Ewers said.

But the torture didn’t stop there, police say. While the puppies were still alive, Gillie dismembered and mutilated the dogs. It all happened in the back yard of a now abandoned trailer.

“He cut their bodies open, and when he cut their bodies open, he also tried to glue it back together,” Ewers said. “He put glue over the dogs’ faces, including their muzzle, I guess in an attempt keep the dogs from being loud or trying to suffocate them.”

"It was a process, we're not talking about a couple minutes of torturing, we're talking about hours and hours of him methodically torturing and killing these animals," said Ewers.

Brandon's girlfriend discovered what he had done and called the police to report it. However, she is no longer cooperating with authorities, police said, and Gillie remains on the run.

“This is probably the worse case I’ve seen or heard of since I’ve been a detective,” Detective Ewers said.

Gillie’s next door neighbor recalls hearing Gillie sitting outside talking during the night in question, but she had no idea what he was actually doing.

NECROPSY RESULTS

Court documents obtained by CBS 6 show the dogs had an adhesive material on their muzzles and bodies.

Lab results revealed the dog's stomachs contained both over the counter and prescription medications, as well as insecticide.

Conover said that what happened to the puppies was done over a period of time.

"They were tortured, there was evidence of burning," she added.

The necropsy also revealed that two of the puppies had full firecrackers in their stomach.

HELP FIND BRANDON GILLIE

Police say they need the public’s help catching Gillie before he has the chance to do something like this again.

“It could lead to other crimes that could be worse. It could be to other animals, it could be to a person – you just never know, and it’s very concerning,” Ewers said.

Gillie has a large network of family and friends spread out around Chesterfield and Henrico.

"He still could be in the Tri-Cities area, most likely he's up in the Hanover and Ashland area," said Ewers.

Police are hoping someone has information that will help get Brandon Gillie off the streets.

"To get him help and make sure that he is okay and nothing like this happens to any animal or person."

Places Gillie has lived:
Prince George, Virginia
Petersburg, Virginia
Henrico, Virginia
Chester, Virginia
Hopewell, Virginia

Says he works at powerplants "all over the state"

If you know where Brandon Gillie is, call Petersburg Police at 804-732-4222 or Crime Solvers at 804-861-1212.

  

 

  

PREVIOUS ARREST INFO:

Name: Brandon Michael Gillie
Detention Date: April 19th, 2013
Location:
Hanover County, VA
Gender: Male
Age: 23
Height: 5' 10"
Weight: 150 Lbs
Race: White
Charges:
#1 136787 WPN5212M1 FIREARM VIOLATION AFTER INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT
#2 136788 WPN5281F5 FALSE STATEMENT ON FIREARM CONSENT FORM

Full Name: Brandon Michael Gillie
Arrest date: October 14th, 2013
Location: Henrico County, VA
Arrest Age: 23
Charges: 2111 - Dui-Motor Vehicle-Wt Accident
18.2-266 - Dwi: 1St Offense

Full Name: Brandon Michael Gillie
Date of Birth: 08/xx/xxxx
Race: White
Address:
City: Petersburg
State: VA
Zip Code: 23803
Charging County: Prince George County, Virginia
Case Number: GT16003212-00
Statute: 46.2-817B
Charge Date: 06/01/2016
Charge: Elude/Disregard Police Felony

(WNCN - Jan 27, 2017)